Electrochemical series
>> Table: Electrochemical series

Electrode
A conducting structure within the cell in which electrochemical reactions take place.
It normally consists of the active mass and the grid with a lug.

Electrode, negative
Negative electrode of a >> cell (e.g. Pb/PbSO4 in the lead accumulator).

Electrode, positive
Positive electrode of a >> cell (e.g. PbO2/PbSO4 in the lead accumulator).

Electrolyte
Usually a fluid within the cell that allows ion movement between the >> electrodes. In a lead-acid battery dilute >> sulphuric acid, somewhere between 1.22 and 1.29
specific gravity is used - depending upon ambient service temperatures.

Electrolyte, fixed
Electrolyte which is fixed in the form of a gel or an absorptive glass mat (AGM).
>> Maintenance-free battery with fixed electrolyte.

Electromotive power
Historical term for the voltage present the terminals of an accumulator when no current is flowing. >> Open circuit voltage.

Electron
Elementary particles with a negative charge.

Element
A substance which cannot be separated into other substances by ordinary chemical means.

Element, electrochemical
Combination of anode and cathode materials for creating an electrochemical cell
(e.g. manganese dioxide-zinc, PbO2-Pb, Ni-Cd).

Emergency power supply
Class of battery applications where the battery is used as a power source when the AC supply from an electrical power company fails.

Energy
Energy expressed in watt hours, which under specific conditions can be released from the battery during discharging. >> Working capacity.

Energy density
The stored energy in a battery or a cell. It is related either to mass (gravimetrical energy density in watt hours per gram) or to volume
(volumetric energy density in watt hours per cubic centimetre).

Enveloper
>> Enveloping machine

Enveloping machine
Forms automatically >> cells from >> positive and >> negative plates and
>> Polyethylene separator.
The main components are: >> separator de-coiler, >> plate feeder, enveloping station with sealing unit, >> stacker and exit conveyor.
In Europe and North America approx. 90% of the SLI batteries are produced this way. Semi-automatic machine without stacker are one the market too.

Epoxy
A cement used to seal battery parts together. Normally supplied as a mixed adhesive and used only in stationary battery types today. Previously
used also for starter batteries.

Eutectic (system)
The point in the state diagram of an alloy consisting of several fully mixable alloy components at which the alloy has the lowest possible melting point
(e.g. Eutectic system of a lead-antimony alloy: Pb:Sb = 88.9:11.1 with melting temperature T Eutetic=252°C.)

Expanded metal line
System for continuous, high automated plate manufacturing. State of the art lines work with a speed of 15-40m/minute.
The main components are: Strip decoiler, expander, shaper, tablancer,
>> pasting machine, rotary divider, >> flash drying oven and plate stacker