Lamp black
A fine carbon powder used as an ingredient for negative lead masses.
Component share = 0.5%.

Lead (Pb)
A chemical element which belongs to the heavy metals (specific weight 11.341 g/cm³). It is used in the form of bivalent and/or quadrivalent compounds (PbSO4 or PbO2 ),
as porous sponge lead for active masses, and as lead-antimony or lead-calcium alloys for grids in lead batteries.

Lead battery
An accumulator in which the electrodes consists primarily of lead, whereas the electrolyte consists of diluted sulphuric acid.

Lead dioxide
Quadrivalent lead oxide (PbO2 ), which is generated electrochemically during formation and which forms the active mass of the positive lead electrode. Colour: black-brown.

Lead oxide mill
Plant for the production of >> Lead oxide.

Lead oxide
Oxide is formed by the union of oxygen and lead.
Three manufacturing processes are used: >> Ball mills, hammer mills and the "Barton system".

Lead oxide (Litharge)
A bivalent lead oxide (PbO), which can occur in two modifications: the orthorhombic, yellow high-temperature modification and the tetragonal, red modification.
It is used in producing active lead masses.

Lead strip caster
The lead strip caster produces endless lead strips for the further use in >> Expanded metal lines. The requested grain structure in the strip is created through
a number of rolling stations.

Lead sulphate (PbSO4)
Chemical compound produced on the positive and negative plates of a lead battery during discharge. It is the result of a chemical reaction between the sulphuric acid
and lead dioxide of the positive electrode or the metallic lead of the negative electrode.

Lead sulphate, tetrabase
Chemical formula 3 PbO PbSO4 H2O. This is formed during mixing of the active mass from lead oxide + acid + water at temperatures below 60°C and consists of
flake-shaped crystallites of approx. 1 µm diameter.

Lead, free (Pbmetallic)
Non-oxidised residual lead in cured lead plates. >> Curing.

Lead-calcium alloy
A lead alloy for grids used in maintenance-free lead batteries. The typical calcium component is approx. 0.08%.

Lead-coated part
A metal part with a thin protective coat of metallic lead that has been deposited on the surface by galvanisation.

Leaf type separator
Single separators which are used to form >> cells. Available in different materials: PVC, rubber, cellulosic fibres impregnated with phenolic resin, glass, etc..

Lid sealing machine
>> Heat sealing machine.

Lignin
General term for the non-cellulose wood component (lignin sulphuric acid or desulfonate sulphuric acid). It is the main component of the additives for negative lead masses
with a component share of = 1%. It is sold under the name Vanisperse.

LME
>> London Metal Exchange.

Load
Describes the current in amperes with which a fully charged battery can be loaded over a defined period and at a defines temperature without the voltage falling
below a pre-specified cut-off voltage.

London Metal Exchange
The London Metal Exchange is the world's premier non-ferrous metals market. For more information see: www.lme.com

Loss
>> Fading.

Low current charging
Charging with a current strength that is only slightly higher than what is needed to compensate for self-discharge losses.

Low current discharging
Discharging with current flow under 0.1 C.